High-efficiency solar cells from the IBM Labs

Came across an interesting news a month ago:.

IBM has announced that its scientists were able to create a solar cell module, which the core layer, which absorbs most of the light for conversion into electricity, is composed entirely of common and readily available compound of chemical elements. This achievement, which allowed to establish a new world record performance ( efficiency) solar cell, reinforces expectations that the technology of solar electricity has the potential to produce more electricity at lower cost.


A solar cell, which contains copper (Cu), tin (Sn), zinc (Zn), sulfur (S) and / or selenium (Se), demonstrates the efficiency of 9.6 %, which is 40% above the previous rate achieved . In an effort to achieve a breakthrough in the technology of solar cell research, IBM is using its expertise, experience and resources of a world-class in microprocessor technology, materials and manufacturing processes.

- Find ways to create solar technology, which is a cost- per -watt is comparable to conventional methods of electricity generation, and which has the potential to yield to ...

IBM scientists describe their achievement in the field of thin-film photovoltaic technology in an article published in the journal Advanced Materials, highlighting the potential of solar energy for the development of cheap electricity on a commercial scale. Developed by researchers photovoltaics also differs from its predecessors is that it was created using a combination of solutions and approaches based on nanoparticles - in contrast to the popular but expensive method of vacuum.

The current thin-film solar cell panel, based on compound semiconductors, demonstrate the efficiency at the level of 9-11%. These elements are most often used two expensive chemical compounds - copper selenide and indium gallium (copper indium gallium selenide) and cadmium telluride (cadmium telluride). As a result, attempts were made to build cheap solar panels on the basis of compounds, including widely distributed on earth chemical elements and do not contain indium, gallium or cadmium, it was not possible to exceed the barrier efficiency of 6.7 % - compared to new record high efficiency in the 9 .

Over the past few years, IBM scientists have achieved a number of important scientific and technological advances associated with the creation of affordable and efficient solar cells. The company has no plans to produce solar panels, but it is open to partnerships with manufacturers of solar cells and is ready to demonstrate their innovative technology.

source.

Is it possible to manage documents using ERP?

But now, it seems, it is understood (or rather - publicly acknowledged ), and my opponents SED-.
Here's a post on this subject:. http://www. pcweek. ru/ecm/blog/andrey-kolesov/459. php.

WiMax initially will be ' niche ' technology

Those American companies that have succumbed to the generous -sounding promises in the advertising companies, looking forward to connect to broadband technology-based WiMax, should think carefully about this step, and at the slightest uncertainty to wait. With such a statement made ​​known analyst firm Gartner, which experts believe that at first the role of WiMax to be a niche technology, more interesting emerging markets, r. e. where there is an issue inserting huge funds in the deployment of infrastructure, writes VnuNet.
Many companies expect to get completely in vain more bandwidth at distances up to 50 km while covering a vast terrain. Even Sprint and Clearwire, WiMax started to begin providing service to the beginning of autumn this year, stipulates that a lot of cities will be covered by the service until next year. In addition, we should expect a price close to that policy, that preach suppliers based access Wi-Fi. A mass development of VoIP -based WiMax would prevent not only the small area of ​​coverage, but a small number of mobile phones with support for WiMax.
Source:. Nag. ru.

For small business

Often there are references to Soviet children's books as textbooks, Economics and Business. For example at Machneva in ' Razvlekupkah ' mentions ' Crocodile Gena ':.

turn to a remarkable textbook on market economics, written in the recent past. Eduard Uspensky. It is called ... Surprised? . And besides - with an entire chapter devoted to the creation of artificial shortages and restrictions on retail. As you may recall, one of the main characters of the story Cheburashka has worked in the toy store window of the commission. And yet this store and was on the verge of bankruptcy. Then the ... [They]. stamped at the door, peering into the window and shouted impatiently: - When it will open? . They also began to look into the window of his shop and exclaim: - When will it open? . I thought, thought, and stood in a queue. A little old man walked up a big bag and asked her what will sell. Shapoklyak did not say anything and just shrugged her shoulders significantly. ... In short, the opening of the store queue has reached catastrophic proportions. At eleven o'clock the doors opened and people rushed to the store. They bought everything that came to hand. It's a shame it was to defend the two hours in the queue and nothing to buy. Only kerosene lamps were not wanted - all had electricity. Then the store manager got ink and wrote: ... HOLIDAY FOR TWO PIECES IN HANDS ... Immediately, all buyers rushed into the yard and began to buy up the lamp. Those who bought them were very happy with themselves, and those who did not have lights, very upset and cursed shop bosses. As Shapoklyak old, she bought two pairs of integers - for themselves and their Lariska. So are these lights, and kept it until now. As they say, a rainy day ...

Around the same vein, seen a review for ' Dunno on the Moon ' Nosov.

And you know what children's books can be called textbook market economy?.

Quality does not sell

Real and virtual benefits of brands.